HELLP Syndrome and Pregnancy

HELLP Syndrome and Pregnancy

HELLP is a group of symptoms occurring only in pregnant women who develop pre eclampsia. H stands for haemolytic anaemia, EL for elevated liver enzymes and LP for low platelets.

Pre-eclampsia occurs in the last third of pregnancy, after the 30th week, producing high blood pressure, swollen hands and feet and protein in the urine. To have these symptoms complicated by HELLP creates a very serious condition which can kill both mother and baby. About 7% of pregnant women develop pre-eclampsia, and 10% of those develop the HELLP syndrome. It seems to be more common in older, white women who have had more than one child. If pre-eclampsia is not treated early or adequately, the risk of developing HELLP increases. Haemolytic anaemia causes the destruction of red blood cells resulting in pallor, weakness and shortness of breath. Elevated liver enzymes are the result of liver damage, sometimes producing jaundice, liver failure and even rupture of the liver. Platelets are cells needed to control blood clotting, so a low platelet count results in bruising, excessive bleeding when cut, and uncontrolled haemorrhaging.

HELLP Symptoms

Early symptoms of HELLP are progressive nausea and vomiting, upper abdominal pain, severe headache, visual disturbance, swollen hands and feet. Tenderness in the upper right abdomen, just below the ribs results from enlargement and inflammation of the liver.

Treatment

The only treatment is to deliver the baby immediately. As the liver deteriorates rapidly, haemorrhaging into the liver and from the site of the placenta can threaten the life of mother and baby. Permanent liver damage may result if delivery of the baby is delayed. Fortunately, the majority of babies born to HELLP mothers do very well, especially if weighing over 2lb at birth. Babies under 2lb in weight, face serious problems and complications due to prematurity.

Following HELLP, future pregnancies are at an increased risk and so most mothers will be advised to avoid pregnancy again.

Further information and support can be found at: Action on Pre-Eclampsia http://www.apec.org.uk
IMPORTANT NOTICE : This content is from the Dr Chris Steele personal archive and is provided for convenience only. Information contained here may no longer agree with the most up to date medical advice. Please check with a medical professional before taking any action.

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